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Undergraduate research experiences (UREs) significantly enhance students’ critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills, and foster pathways to graduate studies. Social science laboratory-based undergraduate research experiences (LUREs) offer similar benefits with more impact on the understanding of the research process and influence career direction. As online undergraduate programs increase, research opportunities must adapt to incorporate otherwise excluded remote students. This study employs an expert panel method that collects insights from 22 experienced lab leaders around meeting the substantial challenges of mentoring online students in social science lab groups. Through thematic analysis, four key challenges and proposed solutions to enable remote undergraduate students to successfully engage in research labs were identified. These solutions offer practical guidance to improve inclusivity and accessibility for online learners. 

Abstract Multiple lines of genetic and archaeological evidence suggest that there were major demographic changes in the terminal Late Pleistocene epoch and early Holocene epoch of sub-Saharan Africa 1–4 . Inferences about this period are challenging to make because demographic shifts in the past 5,000 years have obscured the structures of more ancient populations 3,5 . Here we present genome-wide ancient DNA data for six individuals from eastern and south-central Africa spanning the past approximately 18,000 years (doubling the time depth of sub-Saharan African ancient DNA), increase the data quality for 15 previously published ancient individuals and analyse these alongside data from 13 other published ancient individuals. The ancestry of the individuals in our study area can be modelled as a geographically structured mixture of three highly divergent source populations, probably reflecting Pleistocene interactions around 80–20 thousand years ago, including deeply diverged eastern and southern African lineages, plus a previously unappreciated ubiquitous distribution of ancestry that occurs in highest proportion today in central African rainforest hunter-gatherers. Once established, this structure remained highly stable, with limited long-range gene flow. These results provide a new line of genetic evidence in support of hypotheses that have emerged from archaeological analyses but remain contested, suggesting increasing regionalization at the end of the Pleistocene epoch.